GHK-Cu
Copper Tripeptide (Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine Copper)
Molecular Details
Overview
GHK-Cu is a naturally occurring copper-peptide complex consisting of the tripeptide glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine chelated with a copper ion (Cu²⁺). First isolated from human plasma in 1973 by biochemist Loren Pickart, it is naturally present in human plasma, saliva, and urine. Plasma GHK-Cu levels correlate with age, declining from approximately 200 ng/mL in younger individuals to around 80 ng/mL by age 60.
Published Research
Gene Expression Modulation
In vitro (human cells) · 2014Research demonstrates that GHK-Cu affects approximately 31.2% of human genes, with about 59% of affected genes upregulated and 41% downregulated, suggesting it acts as a multi-pathway signaling molecule.
Collagen & Elastin Synthesis
In vitro (dermal fibroblasts) · 2015Studies with human adult dermal fibroblasts at nanomolar concentrations demonstrated dose-dependent increases in collagen and elastin production. Topical application showed increased dermal thickness and improved skin hydration.
Wound Healing — PIC Dressing Model
In vivo (rat) · 2019Collagen dressings incorporating GHK demonstrated accelerated wound healing in both healthy and diabetic animal models, with improved epithelialization, increased fibroblast activation, and elevated collagen synthesis.
Oxidative Stress & Cellular Protection
Multiple models · 2012Research examining GHK-Cu in the context of oxidative stress suggests mechanisms involving copper chelation and broad gene regulation of protective pathways, with implications for tissue maintenance and cellular stress resilience.
Storage & Handling
Store lyophilized powder at –20°C or below for long-term stability (2–3 years). Reconstituted solutions: 2–8°C for up to 2 weeks. GHK-Cu complex is stable at pH 4.0–7.4; dissociation occurs below pH 4. Loss of blue color indicates copper dissociation and degradation.
For research purposes only. Not intended for human consumption. This profile summarizes published preclinical literature and does not constitute medical, clinical, or dosage guidance.